What makes IMs effective?

Effective materials do many of the things a teacher would normally do as part of his or her teaching. These include:

• Arouse the learners’ interest.
• Tell them what they will be learning next.
• Explain new learning content to them.
• Set clear learning targets.
• Provide them with strategies to use in learning.
• Provide opportunities for meaningful practice.

source: https://www.professorjackrichards.com/effective-teaching-materials/

What challenges and difficulties have you had in constructing an IMs?

A well constructed IMs takes a lot of effort, time, and resources. In this line, the problem associated in constructing an IMs are the lack of availability of the materials, the cost and production, and the alignment of instructional materials to the objective of the lessons.

How should these be constructed and what are the standards?

Criteria. In selecting instructional materials, the following criteria should be considered:

a. Instructional materials should support the educational philosophy, goals and objectives of the District and the objectives of the curricular offering in which the materials will be used.
b. Instructional materials should be appropriate for the age, emotional and social development, and ability level of the students for whom the materials are selected.
c. Instructional materials should be diverse with respect to levels of difficulty, reader appeal, and should present a variety of points of view.
d. Instructional materials should meet high standards of quality in factual content and presentation.
e. Instructional materials should have aesthetic, cultural, literary, or social value. The value and impact of any literary work will be judged as a whole, taking into account the author’s intent rather than individual words, phrases or incidents.
f. Instructional materials should foster respect for men, women, the disabled, and minority groups and should portray a variety of roles and life styles open to people in today’s world. Instructional materials should foster respect for cultural diversity.
g. Instructional materials should be designed to motivate students to examine their own attitudes and behaviors and to comprehend their own duties, responsibilities, rights and privileges as participating citizens in a pluralistic society.
h. Instructional materials should encourage students to utilize higher order thinking skills and to become informed decision-makers, to exercise freedom of thought and to make independent judgments through examination and evaluation of relevant information, evidence and differing viewpoints.
i. Instructional materials should be selected taking into account instructional materials already available in the District in order to meet the above criteria and in order to replace materials worn, obsolete or no longer appropriate.

source: https://www.urbandaleschools.com/policy/article-600-educational-program/627-instructional-materials-selection-inspection-and-reconsideration/?fbclid=IwAR2RD3p7WXiCeZxg6oeqobYV-UDiBy-X2GGvtT1Lls5lorlNkRWtw7_-Yts

Task 3: IMs

Course Name	AFRO-ASIAN LITERATURE
Course Credits	3 units
Course Description	This course deals with the literatures of Asia and Africa in the different genres. It is the study of patterns of literature of the areas in point of content and form. Likewise, it is the study of wisdom, values and culture in the different areas of Asia and Africa through literature. It is also includes highlights of the lives of anthologize writers.
Contact Hours/Week	3 hours
Prerequisite
Course Outcome	Utilized multimedia resources presenting a documentary or broadcast report the development of Asian and African literatures. Analyze literary masterpieces written by Asian and African writers to appreciate literary arts, culture, tradition, human values reflected in the literary pieces.

COURSE OUTLINE AND TIMEFRAME
	Course Content/Subject Matter
Week 1	Introduction
Week 2	PART I – AFRICA
	Chapter 1 – African Literature
Week 3	Chapter 2 – Egyptian Literature
Week 4 – 6	PART II – ASIAN
	Chapter 3 – Arabian Literature
Week 7	Chapter 4 – Chinese Literature
Week 8 – 9	Chapter 5 – Hindu Literature
Week 10 – 13	Chapter 6 – Hebrew Literature
Week 14 – 16	Chapter 7 – Persian Literature
Week 17 – 18	Chapter 8 – Japanese Literature

What is an Instructional Material?

Printed and multi-media materials, as well as every device utilized in the classroom, are all considered instructional resources. These are the tools that are utilized in educational lessons, such as active learning and evaluation. In other words, it can be anything that is utilized to intentionally expand the learners’ knowledge and experience.

What is instructional Materials Development (IMD)?

Instructional Materials Development refers to anything which is done by teachers to provide source of learning input and to exploit those sources in ways which maximize the likelihood of intake.

Importance of IMD

Instructional Materials Development helps educators and learners to maximize the teaching and learning process. It provide opportunities to achieve the objectives of the lesson while maintaining the attention of the learners. In other words, IMD acts as a stimulus of learning and helps to organize the teaching-learning process.

Principles in IMD

The impact of IMD may increase by applying the following principles:

• Select materials with appropriate attributes
• Introduce material to learner by relating it to prior learning and indicating its relationship to present objectives
• Present material under the best possible environment conditions.
• Get feedback from viewer/learners.
• Evaluate material impact.

Steps in developing IMs

• Identify the educational philosophy, goals and objectives of the curricular offering in which the materials will be used.
• Use appropriate materials for the age, emotional and social background, and ability level of the students.
• Select flexible IMs that will cater the diversity of the class.
• Chose input and sources in line with your lesson objective
• Select exercise types

The significance of IMs in teaching based in my own experience.

IMs play a vital part in an academic engagement, based on my own experience as a teacher. This is visible when it involves the use of media or instructional tools, which encourages active participation from students and makes teaching more dynamic. The learners are more engaged and can visualize the subject of the lesson much better when they are given visual/audio stimuli like media resources rather than a traditional teacher-centered approach.
Hence, in order to make learners’ learning experiences more clear and realistic, I make certain to employ and create specialized instructional materials to clarify, establish and correlate concepts of learners.

Instructional Material use in classroom both physical and virtual.

The most common IMs I use as supplemental to my teaching in both physical and virtual classroom are:

• PowerPoint presentation
• YouTube (Instructional/Educational Videos) and;
• Google Forms

A teacher can make more effective use of media if he/she understand underlying concepts about teaching-learning process. But the best IMs is always be the TEACHER!!!.